Context: Exploratory testing (ET) aligns well with Agile values, yet the organisational conditions that enable effective ET are reported inconsistently across the literature.

Objective: This review aims to (i) map empirical evidence on organisational support for ET in Agile and Scrum, (ii) synthesise challenges affecting ET effectiveness, and (iii) classify forms of support using an established organisational-factor framework.

Method: We conducted a systematic literature review across four databases, supplemented by backward and forward snowballing. Inclusion required an Agile or Scrum context, ET by intent, and explicit organisational factors. Thirty-nine empirical studies (2006–2025) were analysed using descriptive statistics and thematic synthesis.

Results: Communication and collaboration, organisational culture, mindset and roles supportive of ET, and agile logistics emerged as key enablers. Reported challenges include sustaining timely ET within short iterations, coordinating responsibilities across teams and sites, targeting ET coverage effectively, and capturing and reusing ET-related knowledge. Management commitment and change management showed mixed emphasis, while reward systems and gender diversity were not reported.

Conclusion: Effective organisational support for ET depends on a combination of reinforcing factors rather than single interventions. Elevating ET in planning, allocating explicit time and ownership, and using lightweight structures to balance traceability and autonomy are critical. Evidence gaps remain around incentives, diversity, and longitudinal effects.