Medical professionals have long used algorithmic thinking to describe and implement health care processes, but without the benefit of the conceptual framework provided by a programming language. Instead, medical algorithms are expressed using English, flowcharts, or structured data tables. This results in prescriptions that are difficult to understand, difficult to debug, and awkward to reuse. This paper reports on the design and evaluation of a domain-specific programming language, POP-PL, for expressing medical algorithms. The design draws on the experience of researchers in two disciplines, programming languages and medicine. The language is based around the idea that programs and humans have complementary strengths, that when combined can make for safer, more accurate performance of prescriptions. We implemented our language and evaluated its design by writing prescriptions in the new language and administering a usability survey to medical professionals. This evaluation suggests that medical prescriptions can be conveyed by a programming language’s mode of expression and provides useful information for refining the language. Analysis of the survey results suggests that medical professionals can understand and correctly modify programs in POP-PL.