Low compilation times are highly important in contexts of Just-in-time compilation. This not only applies to language runtimes for Java, WebAssembly, or JavaScript, but is also crucial for database systems that employ query compilation as the primary measure for achieving high throughput in combination with low query execution time.

We present a performance comparison and detailed analysis of the compile times of the JIT compilation back-ends provided by GCC, LLVM, Cranelift, and a single-pass compiler in the context of database queries. Our results show that LLVM achieves the highest execution performance, but can compile substantially faster when tuning for low compilation time. Cranelift achieves a similar run-time performance to unoptimized LLVM, but compiles just 20–35% faster and is outperformed by the single-pass compiler, which compiles code 16x faster than Cranelift at similar execution performance.