The growing adoption of industrial robots has spurred interest in combining Industrial IoT and cloud computing technologies to create unified management platforms. Traditional systems focus mainly on analyzing robot-status data to infer maintenance cycles and monitor operational health, yet often overlook the complex process optimization tasks that many robots must execute. In addition, the heterogeneity among industrial robot operating systems further complicates the management and execution of process optimization. To address these challenges, we propose CIRPO—a Cloud-edge collaborative platform for Industrial Robots Process Optimization, a framework designed to unify both the execution and optimization of robotic processes across cloud and edge tiers. It provides a unified command interface by abstracting vendor-specific controller differences, and implements process dispatching and execution through a workflow-oriented approach, thereby supporting diverse industrial operations. We validate the framework by integrating two real-world applications—palletizing and polishing—demonstrating CIRPO’s ability to deliver closed-loop, cloud-based process optimization for heterogeneous robot fleets.