The transition towards more sustainable practices requires companies to assess their impact on the social and ecological environment and establish new processes in complex inter-organisational systems. Process mining is a collection of data-driven techniques to visualise, analyse and improve business processes. This work analyses process mining’s application for sustainability by conducting two consecutive literature studies – the first on the broad domain of sustainability, and the second on the circular economy, a widely accepted approach for pursuing sustainability. Results show the potential of process mining for assessing and analysing sustainability in business processes, allowing for data-driven decision support and targeted improvement. They also show that process mining has yet to reach sustainability research and practitioners. To enable collaboration between both communities, a framework for applying process mining for sustainability (PM4S) is presented.