This tutorial will explore the cutting-edge field of open source digital ecology, with a particular focus on the new paradigm of data-driven research in developer behavior science. As open source projects rapidly expand globally, understanding and analyzing developer behavior is crucial for fostering the sustainable development of open source communities. This tutorial aims to reveal patterns and trends in developer behavior through data science methods and discuss how these insights can be leveraged to optimize project management and community building. We will incorporate real-world case studies to demonstrate how valuable information can be extracted from large-scale open source data and applied to engineering practices, helping participants grasp the core concepts and techniques of this emerging field.