Small and medium enterprises (SMEs) that build individualized software require lightweight solutions to trace cybersecurity concerns across the codebase. This includes tracking where potentially vulnerable assets are handled in the codebase. The solution that provides this tracking should be fully integrated into the developers’ workflow and should be usable by developers who are not cybersecurity experts. To address this need, we propose Security Annotations, which can be added to any codebase regardless of programming language and allows linking blocks of code, functions, or single statements with assets. In order to use the main functionality of the Security Annotations an asset catalog of sufficient quality is needed. These assets can either be identified upfront or while annotating.

We conducted a preliminary evaluation in which four pairs of developers created an asset catalog for a legacy software system and then annotated the code using Security Annotations. All groups successfully identified assets in a code base largely unknown to them. We also found that the annotation patterns differed between pairs but that there were significant overlaps. The workload of identifying assets and performing annotations was demanding, but feasible.