The digitization of healthcare has highlighted the importance of secure, efficient data sharing to advance clinical research, personalized medicine, and patient outcomes. Despite technological advancements, concerns surrounding data privacy, ownership, regulatory compliance, and motivating patients to share their data remain significant barriers. This study investigates blockchain-driven incentive models as a potential solution to these challenges, emphasizing the role of incentivization in promoting data sharing. Leveraging blockchain’s decentralized architecture, these models aim to enhance data integrity and empower patients with greater control over their information while motivating participation through rewards. Utilizing a systematic literature review (SLR), we analyze existing studies discussing blockchain applications focused on incentivizing healthcare data sharing, examining incentive mechanisms, types of shared healthcare data, and stakeholder roles. In addition to the SLR, this study included an analysis of 14 commercial platforms that feature mechanisms designed to incentivize the sharing of healthcare data. Our findings reveal that blockchain’s integration with smart contracts and token-based incentives can boost patient engagement, ensure data security, and streamline data governance, though practical implementation faces challenges such as scalability and regulatory constraints. This paper provides a comprehensive synthesis of current approaches, identifies key gaps, and outlines future research directions to optimize blockchain-based incentive models for healthcare data sharing.